Legislature(2023 - 2024)DAVIS 106

03/14/2023 03:00 PM House HEALTH & SOCIAL SERVICES

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* first hearing in first committee of referral
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
-- Testimony <Invitation Only> --
*+ HB 89 DAY CARE ASSIST./CHILD CARE GRANT PROGRAM TELECONFERENCED
Heard & Held
*+ HB 80 INCOMPETENCY; CIVIL COMMITMENT TELECONFERENCED
Heard & Held
+= HB 60 RUNAWAYS; DFCS/DOH: DUTIES/LICENSING/INFO TELECONFERENCED
<Bill Hearing Canceled>
+ Bills Previously Heard/Scheduled TELECONFERENCED
**Streamed live on AKL.tv**
              HB 80-INCOMPETENCY; CIVIL COMMITMENT                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
[Contains discussion of SB 53.]                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
3:54:31 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR PRAX  announced that the  final order of business  would be                                                               
HOUSE  BILL NO.  80,  "An  Act relating  to  competency to  stand                                                               
trial;   relating   to  commitment   based   on   a  finding   of                                                               
incompetency;   relating   to  administration   of   psychotropic                                                               
medication; and relating to victims'  rights during certain civil                                                               
commitment proceedings."                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
3:55:42 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  ANDY  JOSEPHSON,  Alaska  State  Legislature,  as                                                               
prime  sponsor,  introduced  HB  80.    He  stated  the  proposed                                                               
legislation is concerned with  criminal sentencing and competency                                                               
in Title  12 and  the health  section in Title  47 of  the Alaska                                                               
statutes.  He  stated that the proposed legislation  could have a                                                               
large effect on  the Department of Family  and Community Services                                                               
(DFCS).   He shared that  the bill  had been conceived  13 months                                                               
ago  after  Angela Harris  had  been  randomly stabbed  and  left                                                               
paralyzed.  He stated that  Ms. Harris has testified twice during                                                               
the hearing  on [SB  53], which is  sponsored by  Senator Claman.                                                               
He  continued that  the proposed  legislation  would not  address                                                               
crimes in regard to the  human conditions of passion, motivation,                                                               
and jealousy;  rather, it would  address the type  of criminality                                                               
unexplainable  in motivation,  with the  perpetrator lacking  the                                                               
sanity to  stand trial.   He explained that  it was found  in Ms.                                                               
Harris's  case   that  Corey   Ahkivgak,  the   perpetrator,  had                                                               
extensive red  flags and had  committed multiple  previous random                                                               
attacks,  one  being   two  months  prior.     He  expressed  the                                                               
understanding that  mentally ill  individuals, on the  whole, are                                                               
not violent, and the proposed  legislation would be targeting the                                                               
illness of  psychosis.  He  expressed the opinion that  the state                                                               
is  doing an  inadequate job  of  protecting the  public in  this                                                               
regard.                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
4:03:35 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  JOSEPHSON  explained  the current  court  process                                                               
concerning  a charged  individual.   If  a  mental evaluation  is                                                               
needed, and the defendant is  not rational, under the current law                                                               
for  a felony,  the court  "shall" order  a commitment  up to  90                                                               
days, and for a misdemeanor it  "may" order a commitment up to 90                                                               
days.   He stated  that during the  commitment period  the Alaska                                                               
Psychiatric Institute  (API) would attempt to  restore the person                                                               
to sanity.  As an aside,  he identified a series of reports which                                                               
relate  that Alaska  has  been underfunding  the  effort to  help                                                               
[mentally unstable]  individuals.  He  cited that in  its report,                                                               
the  University  of Nevada  Las  Vegas  (UNLV) advised  that  the                                                               
implementation  of  recommendations   would  require  significant                                                               
resource  allocation.   He suggested  to the  committee that  the                                                               
financials be put aside, to first  decide the fix and address the                                                               
cost, and then determine the state's investment.                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  JOSEPHSON,  continuing   the  discussion  of  the                                                               
current  law, expressed  the  understanding  that individuals  in                                                               
Alaska  who have  been committed  for the  90-day period  are not                                                               
receiving effective treatment.   He explained that  after the 90-                                                               
day  period, the  matter would  come back  to the  courts if  the                                                               
individual  were not  restored.   He  stated that  the court  has                                                               
discretion  for  a  violent   felony  committed  against  another                                                               
person, and under  the current law an individual can  be held for                                                               
up to a year.  He stated that  research has found this to be "the                                                               
low end"  in respect to the  rest of the country,  as some states                                                               
have no time  limits on commitment.  He stated  that the proposed                                                               
legislation, along with [SB 53],  would change this to a two-year                                                               
limit, giving a  more reasonable window to  restore an individual                                                               
to competency.  He expressed  the understanding that the proposed                                                               
two-year  limit  has  raised  questions  about  civil  liberties,                                                               
resources,  and further  delay.   He explained  that, before  the                                                               
court  would  extend  the restoration  timeframe,  the  following                                                               
would  be  addressed:    whether the  crime  had  involved  force                                                               
against  a  person; whether  releasing  the  individual would  be                                                               
dangerous  to other  people; and  the probability  the individual                                                               
would regain competency  within a reasonable period of  time.  If                                                               
an individual  is not  restored to competency,  he said,  the key                                                               
problem would be the next step.                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
4:09:27 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE JOSEPHSON pointed  out that a bill  passed in 2008                                                               
requires incompetent  individuals with a court  dismissal to move                                                               
into Title  47, the civil  commitment stage.   He referred  to AS                                                               
12.47.110, which read as follows:                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
          (e) A  defendant charged with  a felony  and found                                                                    
     to  be incompetent  to proceed  under  this section  is                                                                    
     rebuttably presumed  to be mentally ill  and to present                                                                    
     a  likelihood of  serious  harm to  self  or others  in                                                                    
     proceedings   under  AS   47.30.700  -   47.30.915.  In                                                                    
     evaluating  whether  a  defendant is  likely  to  cause                                                                    
     serious  harm,   the  court  may  consider   as  recent                                                                    
     behavior  the  conduct  with which  the  defendant  was                                                                    
     originally charged.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE JOSEPHSON  argued that  the problem with  this law                                                               
is it does not  say what to do next.  He  explained that the case                                                               
would be dismissed  if a person is declared unfit  for trial.  To                                                               
stand trial, a person would have  to understand the charge and be                                                               
capable of helping  with his/her own defense.  Not  being able to                                                               
do  this would  violate  the  person's due  process  rights.   He                                                               
stated that a gap in the law  is created because "there is no one                                                               
that steps  up to  the plate  after the case  is dismissed."   He                                                               
said under Title 47 anyone can  file a petition to commit another                                                               
person,  but  no  state  agencies   are  obligated  to  file  the                                                               
petition.    He explained  that  the  proposed legislation  would                                                               
appoint the  Department of Law  (DOL) to  report to DFCS  when an                                                               
individual's case is  dismissed, and a three-day  window would be                                                               
given for  the petition  to be  filed.  He  advised that  a "buck                                                               
stops here moment"  should exist.  He expressed  the opinion that                                                               
the current  law is  both overinclusive  and underinclusive.   He                                                               
continued that,  under the current  law, when a person  is deemed                                                               
incompetent  but not  a threat  to  the public,  the judge  still                                                               
could send  the individual to be  restored.  He stated  that this                                                               
would be  considered overinclusive.   He stated  that the  law is                                                               
underinclusive  because  a judge  is  not  required to  commit  a                                                               
person for some of the "red flag" misdemeanors.                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
4:14:15 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE JOSEPHSON offered  a comparison of [SB  53] and HB
80 and  stated the current versions  line up.  He  suggested that                                                               
[SB  53]  is  tougher  on involuntary  commitment  and  expressed                                                               
concern  about  its  efforts regarding  out-patient  restoration.                                                               
Instead, he  suggested that a  system needs to  seamlessly retain                                                               
the individual.   He stated  that the current law  contains mixed                                                               
issues.  The  law says these proceedings will  be "stayed" during                                                               
the effort  to restore competency.   He surmised that  this means                                                               
the individual cannot  meet bail; however, he  explained there is                                                               
a constitutional right  to bail, so the issue becomes  mixed.  He                                                               
voiced the  opinion that  a chain of  custody should  exist until                                                               
the individual has been treated and can be released.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
4:16:26 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE JOSEPHSON,  in summary,  stated that HB  80 would:                                                               
extend the  period a person is  held for treatment from  one year                                                               
to two years; require  DFCS to be informed of the  need to file a                                                               
petition;  allow  the victim  to  have  the  right to  track  the                                                               
criminal case  and the civil commitment  proceedings; codify Sell                                                             
v.  United States  539 U.S.  166  (2003); change  the statute  of                                                             
limitations from  5 years  to 10 years  for certain  cases; allow                                                               
telephonic examinations to determine  competency; and make better                                                               
distinctions between less severe cases and violent cases.                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
4:19:43 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  SADDLER questioned  whether  competency to  stand                                                               
trial would equate to sanity.                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE JOSEPHSON  responded in  the negative.   He stated                                                               
that he  has incorrectly interchanged  some terms.   He clarified                                                               
that if someone is not sane,  he/she may be insane; however, "not                                                               
guilty by  reason of insanity"  is seldom  used.  He  stated that                                                               
"competency"  would  mean someone  who  could  help with  his/her                                                               
trial.                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  SADDLER confirmed  that "competence"  would be  a                                                               
person's  ability  to  meaningfully participate  in  his/her  own                                                               
defense.    He  suggested  that  "restoration  to  sanity"  would                                                               
presume that a level of sanity  could be restored.  He questioned                                                               
the establishment of  a baseline and whether  an individual would                                                               
be restored to "competency" or "sanity."                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE   JOSEPHSON  expressed   the   opinion  that   the                                                               
individual would be restored to competency.                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
4:22:22 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
ALEXANDER  SCHROEDER,   Staff,  Representative   Andy  Josephson,                                                               
Alaska State Legislature, on  behalf of Representative Josephson,                                                               
prime sponsor of  HB 80, in response  to Representative Saddler's                                                               
question,  explained that  someone could  pursue a  plea of  "not                                                               
guilty by reason  of insanity" and still be  competent for trial.                                                               
He  further explained  that  one  deals with  the  moment of  the                                                               
crime, while the other deals  with the moment of participating in                                                               
the trial.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
4:22:52 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  FIELDS thanked  the sponsor  for introducing  the                                                               
proposed legislation.   Concerning a psychotic  person who cannot                                                               
be  restored to  competency  to stand  trial,  he questioned  the                                                               
process  of  supervising  these  people, so  the  public  is  not                                                               
endangered.    He  questioned whether  the  proposed  legislation                                                               
would address this.                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE JOSEPHSON responded  that the proposed legislation                                                               
would  require DOL  to  notify DFCS  when a  person  who was  not                                                               
restored  to  competency  is  released.   He  reiterated  that  a                                                               
petition would need  to be filed within three days  to retain the                                                               
person.  In response to a  follow-up question, he stated there is                                                               
a mechanism  in the proposed  legislation which would  detain the                                                               
individual  at API,  and  this  process would  be  seamless.   He                                                               
expressed uncertainty concerning the  state's current handling of                                                               
individuals who cannot be restored.   He added that 9 years ago a                                                               
UNLV report  indicated API had  10 beds but  needed 35 beds.   He                                                               
continued  that UNLV  issued another  report which  estimated the                                                               
capital costs for API to address this.                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE FIELDS  offered the opinion that  the state should                                                               
be  able  to  administer   psychotropic  drugs  involuntarily  to                                                               
dangerous  people.    He  questioned   whether  people  would  be                                                               
monitored after they are medicated and released.                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE JOSEPHSON stated that  probation officers would do                                                               
this type of thing concerning Title  12, not Title 47.  He stated                                                               
that  many  people are  brought  to  competency,  so there  is  a                                                               
winnowing out.   He expressed uncertainty  concerning whether the                                                               
state would currently follow up  on a released individual who has                                                               
been medicated.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
4:27:11 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE SUMNER,  per the proposed  legislation, questioned                                                               
the purpose of  having DFCS file the civil  commitment instead of                                                               
DOL.  He  expressed concern over DFCS's  60-percent turnover rate                                                               
and  questioned  whether, from  a  personnel  stance, DFCS  would                                                               
"drop the ball."                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  JOSEPHSON  responded   that  agency  turnover  is                                                               
unknown, as  DOL had significant  turnover last year.   He stated                                                               
that DOL  participates in the  dismissal cases in  the courtroom,                                                               
and the files  with the evaluations would be at  API, [which is a                                                               
part of DFCS.]  When an  individual is not restored and he/she is                                                               
an imminent threat to public  safety, he said, DFCS would contact                                                               
the Civil Division of DOL to ask for a petition to commit.                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
4:29:05 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE RUFFRIDGE  expressed concern about using  the word                                                               
"seamless" when  describing a government  process.   In reference                                                               
to the process  of deeming a person incompetent  after two years,                                                               
he questioned how this would become  a civil issue.  He expressed                                                               
the  opinion  that  the  process   crosses  a  boundary,  as  the                                                               
criminality which had occurred was not addressed.                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  JOSEPHSON responded  that it  has become  a civil                                                               
issue because  "there's no other place  to go," and the  case can                                                               
be  brought back  in  the future  if the  person  is restored  to                                                               
competency.   He continued  that the tool  exists now  to civilly                                                               
commit  people under  Title 47.   He  asserted that  the proposed                                                               
legislation would  assign an  agency to  be responsible  for this                                                               
instead  of "letting  it languish  and  we watch  the next  event                                                               
happen."                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  RUFFRIDGE  expressed  the opinion  that  under  a                                                               
civil commitment an individual would  end up in a less structured                                                               
environment.   He expressed the  understanding that  guilt cannot                                                               
be  assigned  to  an  individual   who  cannot  stand  trial  and                                                               
suggested  that at  the end  of  two years  the individual  would                                                               
become  "not guilty  by reason  of insanity."   He  reasoned that                                                               
there should  be a place for  these individuals - a  third option                                                               
which would be a more secure  commitment - not 30 years inside of                                                               
API's general population.                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE JOSEPHSON  responded that  the use of  "not guilty                                                               
by  reason of  insanity" is  unfavored in  Alaska.   He explained                                                               
that when  a criminal  case is  dismissed, API  becomes involved.                                                               
At  this  point,  the  person would  be  considered  simply  "not                                                               
guilty."  From here the  case is dismissed without prejudice, and                                                               
the person is  simply allowed to go.  He  referred to the initial                                                               
involuntary  commitment procedures  in AS  47.37.100.   He stated                                                               
that, per  these procedures, a  screening investigation  would be                                                               
done of  the individual  by a  local mental  health professional.                                                               
Within 48 hours after the screening  the judge may issue an order                                                               
indicating  the person  is believed  to  be mentally  ill.   This                                                               
would require the individual to  be gravely disabled or present a                                                               
likelihood of serious harm to self  or others.  He explained that                                                               
this   is  the   present   system;  however,   the  question   of                                                               
responsibility is unanswered.                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
4:34:31 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
ANGELA HARRIS, representing self,  began her invited testimony by                                                               
recounting the  story of  her attack.   She  shared that  she had                                                               
been stabbed on  February 13, 2022, while returning  books to the                                                               
library.   She  shared  that she  and her  family  have lived  in                                                               
Alaska since  2005, and she  is a mother  of four children.   She                                                               
stated  that the  assailant, Corey  Ahkivgak,  severed her  spine                                                               
with a knife.   While she was in surgery he  had been captured by                                                               
the  police.    She  stated  that  since  the  stabbing,  she  is                                                               
paralyzed,  her home  had  to  be modified,  her  parents had  to                                                               
relocate, and  her spouse had to  quit his job.   After attending                                                               
physical therapy for approximately nine  months, she is no longer                                                               
in recovery.   She shared that she sees a  counselor to treat the                                                               
PTSD [post-traumatic stress disorder] from her assault.                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
MS. HARRIS stated  that Mr. Ahkivgak has a  history of assaulting                                                               
women, which began in 2018  when he violently attacked his mother                                                               
with  a  frying pan.    She  stated  that  in December  2021,  he                                                               
attacked two  different women.  After  being declared incompetent                                                               
and not restorable, he had been  released back into the public on                                                               
January 6,  2022.  She stated  that he stabbed her  38 days after                                                               
this release,  and once  again he  has been  declared incompetent                                                               
and  not restorable,  which means  he may  be released  after his                                                               
next commitment proceedings.  She  argued that the state needs to                                                               
improve the  mental health system,  particularly in  reference to                                                               
violent offenders.  She pointed  out the loopholes in the current                                                               
laws, adding that the victims should  not be left to pursue civil                                                               
commitment.  She maintained that  Mr. Ahkivgak has more resources                                                               
at his disposal than she does as  a victim, and her assault is an                                                               
example  of  why  better  health care  facilities  and  laws  are                                                               
needed.   She stated  that API  serves the  entire state,  yet it                                                               
operates  on  a   very  limited  capacity,  with   only  10  beds                                                               
designated  for restoration.   She  reasoned that  the moment  an                                                               
offender  commits a  violent  act to  a  fellow citizen,  his/her                                                               
rights should be weighed against the victim's rights to safety.                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
MS.  HARRIS stated  that the  proposed legislation  is forcing  a                                                               
necessary conversation about how  the state deals with competency                                                               
restoration.  She argued that the  current wait time for a bed is                                                               
inexcusable,  especially when  violent offenders  can be  let off                                                               
without appropriate  restoration treatment.   She  continued that                                                               
the  proposed  legislation  would  address  one  of  her  primary                                                               
concerns - closing the loophole.   She explained that HB 80 would                                                               
do this by allowing a civil  commitment to be filed when a person                                                               
has had  all charges  dropped because  he/she is  incompetent and                                                               
not restorable.   She  stated that Mr.  Ahkivgak should  not have                                                               
been  released  to  the public,  and  an  involuntary  commitment                                                               
petition should  have been filed.   She  stated that HB  80 would                                                               
address this duty.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
4:40:36 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  FIELDS thanked  the testifier.   He  compared the                                                               
timeframe  of her  attack with  the time  it would  take for  the                                                               
number of committee  referrals for the proposed  legislation.  He                                                               
expressed concern that the legislation  would not reach the floor                                                               
in the current  year and offered the hope the  situation could be                                                               
addressed more  quickly, as families are  at risk every day.   He                                                               
expressed the  understanding that Ms. Harris's  perpetrator would                                                               
be available for  release within the next few  months.  Deferring                                                               
to  DOL,  he  questioned  the justice  system's  current  options                                                               
concerning the release of manifestly dangerous people.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
4:42:01 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
NANCY  MEADE, General  Counsel, Administrative  Staff, Office  of                                                               
the Administrative  Director, Alaska Court System,  explained, if                                                               
a  person is  found incompetent  after  a number  of attempts  at                                                               
restoration, the current  statute requires a criminal  case to be                                                               
dismissed.    This dismissal  would  include  an unlikelihood  of                                                               
restoration because of a mental  condition or an inability to get                                                               
into API for restoration.  She  stated that this statute says the                                                               
case "shall"  be dismissed,  ending the criminal  case.   In this                                                               
situation  the  proposed  legislation would  require  involuntary                                                               
civil commitment  proceedings to  be filed in  three days  for an                                                               
evaluation.   She suggested that serial  commitments could result                                                               
from  the  evaluation,  as  health  professionals  could  file  a                                                               
petition for a  30-day commitment, a 90-day  commitment, and then                                                               
a  180-day commitment.   If  someone is  deemed mentally  ill and                                                               
likely  to  cause harm  to  self  or others,  subsequent  180-day                                                               
commitments can be  filed.  She stated that  some individuals are                                                               
held under serial 180-day commitments, but this is rare.                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
4:43:40 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  RUFFRIDGE thanked  Ms. Harris  for the  testimony                                                               
and  expressed  the  opinion  that   an  apology  is  owed.    He                                                               
maintained  that  a  significant  breakdown of  the  process  had                                                               
happened, and  the state  should be making  progress in  order to                                                               
make  communities  safe.   He  expressed  the understanding  that                                                               
there is  not a  process for  individuals in  the state  who have                                                               
committed a  crime but cannot  be restored to  competency because                                                               
of  significant mental  health issues.   In  regard to  restoring                                                               
competency, he questioned whether an  individual would be free if                                                               
he/she is not restorable.                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
MS. MEADE  responded in the  affirmative.  She stated  that there                                                               
is  not a  place under  the current  statute for  individuals who                                                               
fall into this category.   The criminal case would get dismissed,                                                               
and under current law this would be  "the end of it."  She stated                                                               
that  with the  proposed  legislation at  least  a civil  process                                                               
would  begin,  but  an institution  for  criminally  incompetent,                                                               
dangerous  individuals  does  not   exist.    She  expressed  the                                                               
understanding that  API can try  to restore individuals  and hold                                                               
them  under  commitments,  but  it  is  not  an  institution  for                                                               
criminally incompetent defendants.                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  RUFFRIDGE,  with   a  follow-up  question,  asked                                                               
whether  all criminally  incompetent  people, who  are not  going                                                               
through restoration, would be free in public.                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
MS.  MEADE responded  that  this  is not  exactly  correct.   She                                                               
stated that  individuals found incompetent would  remain in jail,                                                               
not on bail,  during the pretrial phase; however,  once they meet                                                               
the bail conditions, they could be  out.  She said if individuals                                                               
are violent,  there would  be conditions to  keep them,  and some                                                               
would  be at  API.   In  response to  a  follow-up question,  she                                                               
stated that  [Mr. Ahkivgak's] restoration process  was completed,                                                               
and the  case was dismissed because  he was not restorable.   She                                                               
stated  that someone  in this  situation could  be under  a civil                                                               
commitment, but another  person would need to  file the petition.                                                               
She stated that the proposed  legislation would require that this                                                               
be filed.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE RUFFRIDGE  questioned whether, under  the proposed                                                               
legislation, API would be the only  place for an individual to be                                                               
civilly committed.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
MS. MEADE responded that the court  system would be able to grant                                                               
a petition for  a three-day evaluation, and  the evaluation could                                                               
happen in  a number  of facilities; however,  with a  question on                                                               
subsequent petitions, she would have to defer to DFCS.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
4:49:35 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE MINA  thanked Ms. Harris  for her testimony.   She                                                               
acknowledged the  need to change  the "problematic" system.   She                                                               
voiced the  understanding that, under  the current  statute, once                                                               
the clock starts, the individual  has one year in the restoration                                                               
process.   She expressed the  assumption that the one  year would                                                               
include  an  individual's  time  on API's  waitlist.    Once  the                                                               
individual  is  in the  competency  process,  she questioned  the                                                               
average number of days a case would take.                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
4:51:35 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  JOSEPHSON responded  that a  four-year-old report                                                               
by Agnew  Beck Consulting, titled "Forensic  Psychiatric Hospital                                                               
Feasibility Study,"  found that then  the average length  of stay                                                               
at API  had been 75  days, and the  10 beds available  had served                                                               
around 50 individuals  a year.  He stated that  people had waited                                                               
as long as  150 days for a  bed.  With the initial  75 days, this                                                               
would total 225 days.  He  said, "We are pushing the outer limits                                                               
that  the  law  will  go."    For example,  if  the  crime  is  a                                                               
misdemeanor for a  year sentencing, the estimated  225 days could                                                               
go towards the sentencing.                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
4:53:30 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  MINA  requested a  follow  up  from API  with  an                                                               
updated number.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
4:54:26 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MR. SCHROEDER  presented a  PowerPoint on HB  80, titled  "An Act                                                               
Related to Competency to Stand  Trial" [hard copy included in the                                                               
committee packet].   He highlighted  four key U.S.  Supreme Court                                                               
cases seen on slide 2,  which have historically impacted the area                                                               
of law concerning  HB 80.  He stated that  Dusky v. United States                                                             
362  U.S. 402  (1960)  laid  out that  a  defendant's ability  to                                                               
assist  in his/her  legal defense  is a  due process  right.   He                                                               
stated  Jackson  v. Indiana  406  U.S.  715 (1972)  determined  a                                                             
defendant who  is incompetent to  stand trial cannot be  held for                                                               
competency  restoration for  an  unlimited amount  of  time.   He                                                               
added  that  an exact  timeframe  had  not been  determined,  and                                                               
states vary on  this point.  He described Alaska  as being on the                                                               
shorter end of this; however,  the state does have flexibility to                                                               
change the  timeframe.  He  continued that O'Connor  v. Donaldson                                                             
422  U.S. 563  (1975) sets  down the  civil commitment  criteria,                                                               
which is  different than competency  criteria.  If  an individual                                                               
is  to  be  involuntarily  committed, a  civil  commitment  would                                                               
require  the person  has to  be a  danger to  self or  others, or                                                               
gravely disabled.  He stated that  Sell v. United States 539 U.S.                                                             
166 (2003) set down the  criteria for involuntarily medicating an                                                               
individual  for  the  purposes  of  bringing  the  individual  to                                                               
competency to stand  trial.  He added that this  would not be for                                                               
treatment or  civil commitment, but  for exceptional  cases where                                                               
there is grave danger to the public.                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
4:58:20 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MR.   SCHROEDER,   referencing   the  need   for   the   proposed                                                               
legislation, moved  to slide  5 and recapped  the assault  on Ms.                                                               
Harris.    He moved  to  slide  7  which covered  Mr.  Ahkivgak's                                                               
assaults on two other victims two  months prior to the assault on                                                               
Ms. Harris.   After these  two assaults, Mr. Ahkivgak  was deemed                                                               
incompetent  to  stand trial,  unrestorable,  and  released.   He                                                               
pointed out that his erratic  behavior is random but predictable,                                                               
as  it can  be  traced  back to  2009.    From researching  court                                                               
records,  he displayed  highlights  listed on  slide  8 from  Mr.                                                               
Ahkivgak's  file.   He pointed  out that  in 2009  Mr. Ahkivgak's                                                               
competency had  been an issue; however,  he had been found  to be                                                               
competent.  Reviewing the incidents  on the slide, he stated that                                                               
in  2010 Mr.  Ahkivgak  threatened  his mother,  and  in 2013  he                                                               
erratically waived  a large  hunting knife  at a  transit center.                                                               
After this incident  he was found not  competent and subsequently                                                               
restored.  He  voiced that competency is fluid,  depending on the                                                               
individual's state of  mind at the time of the  crime.  He listed                                                               
several  other  examples  of  Mr.  Ahkivgak's  erratic  behavior,                                                               
including Ms. Harris's 2021 assault.                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
5:01:54 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MR. SCHROEDER  indicated that slide  9 shows two cases  from 2022                                                               
where  competency issues  were raised.   The  cases involved  two                                                               
different  individuals,  both  committing  violent  crimes.    He                                                               
stated that he is pointing  out these instances to reinforce that                                                               
the problem  is recent, ongoing, and  constant in the state.   He                                                               
moved  to   slide  10  which   addresses  Clayton   Charlie,  the                                                               
individual who  stabbed and killed  Michael Greco,  the zookeeper                                                               
in  Anchorage.    He  said,  since the  crime,  Mr.  Charlie  has                                                               
received  treatment  out  of   state,  been  declared  competent,                                                               
returned  to Alaska,  and been  convicted of  murder.   Moving to                                                               
slide  11, he  pointed out  Mr. Charlie's  extensive court  file,                                                               
which  included the  diagnosis of  paranoid  schizophrenia.   The                                                               
list  of Mr.  Charlie's assaults  includes the  threat of  murder                                                               
against  his  own family.    Mr.  Charlie's competency  had  been                                                               
raised  multiple times  and restored.    He pointed  out that  in                                                               
2018, after  the murder  of Mr.  Greco, Mr.  Charlie's stepfather                                                               
had  been quoted  in the  case file  as saying,  "Michael Greco's                                                               
murder illustrates  grave shortcomings in the  mental health care                                                               
and judicial system's dealing with  Clayton's mental illness ....                                                               
I have long realized and voiced  that I thought someone would die                                                               
as a result of  his psychosis ...."  The case  file shows that he                                                               
had  assaulted someone  at API.   At  that time  Mr. Charlie  was                                                               
charged  with  assault, found  incompetent  to  stand trial,  and                                                               
released.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
5:04:53 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MR.  SCHROEDER,  moving to  slide  12,  pointed out  the  various                                                               
recent clippings  from news articles  concerning the  problems at                                                               
API.  On slide 13 he pointed  out that API's average wait time is                                                               
almost six months.  He noted  that [for a misdemeanor charge] the                                                               
maximum time someone can spend in  restoration is six months.  In                                                               
other words,  he said, restoration  could be ordered, but  if the                                                               
individual could not  get into API within a  reasonable amount of                                                               
time,  restoration would  be dropped.   He  stated that  slide 14                                                               
highlights  the seriousness  of the  issue  in the  country.   In                                                               
light of  the U.S. Supreme Court  cases, he said, the  problem is                                                               
not  unique to  Alaska.   Lawsuits across  the country  have been                                                               
brought up  by advocacy organizations  over the wait  times, with                                                               
the most  notable cases being in  the State of Washington,  as it                                                               
has paid out over $86 million from lawsuits.                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MR.  SCHROEDER continued  to the  sectional analysis  reviewed in                                                               
slides  15  to  24.   He  stated  that  HB  80 would  reduce  the                                                               
evaluation wait times by expanding  evaluation options.  The bill                                                               
would refine who  can do a forensic evaluation, as  Section 1 and                                                               
Section  2  synchronize  the language  by  adding  the  adjective                                                               
"qualified"  in   front  of  "psychologist".     He  stated  that                                                               
"qualified"  is already  listed in  front of  "psychiatrist", and                                                               
these terms would  be defined in Section 7.   He stated that this                                                               
portion  of the  bill  is  directly from  House  Bill 304  [heard                                                               
during the Thirty-First Alaska State  Legislature].  Referring to                                                               
[Section 4]  of the  bill, he  stated that  it is  specified that                                                               
previously   conducted  evaluations   can   be  used   concerning                                                               
[misdemeanor cases],  and this  would speed up  the process.   He                                                               
stated that [Section  5] would allow telephonic  evaluations.  He                                                               
argued  that  because Alaska  is  a  large  state with  very  few                                                               
forensic psychologists,  telephonic evaluations would  reach more                                                               
people.      He  reasoned   that   this   could  possibly   allow                                                               
psychologists  from out  of state  to do  evaluations.   He noted                                                               
that other sections in the statute allow for teleconferencing.                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
5:08:56 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MR. SCHROEDER  moved to  slide 19, which  addressed Section  4 of                                                               
the proposed legislation.  In  this section dismissal rates would                                                               
be reduced by moving from one  year to two years for restoration.                                                               
He added that  this timeframe is still much shorter  than most of                                                               
the  country.   He stated  that  a qualification  has been  added                                                               
which would  prevent a  person from  being in  restoration longer                                                               
than the  sentencing for the  crime committed.   Additionally, he                                                               
said, a  two-year restoration  period would  reflect the  type of                                                               
crime committed.  He continued  that the current exception in the                                                               
statute  of limitations  would be  removed.   He stated  that the                                                               
force against the person as  a barrier to further restoration was                                                               
removed;  instead, different  sets  of  criteria for  restoration                                                               
would  be included.   He  continued that  in [Section  5] of  the                                                               
proposed legislation  a felony requirement for  restoration would                                                               
shift to a different set of  laws.  He expressed the opinion that                                                               
some felonies do  not deserve to require  restoration, while some                                                               
misdemeanors do.   He  stated that Section  6 puts  existing case                                                               
law  and  practice  into  statute by  codifying  Sell  v.  United                                                             
States.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
5:11:28 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MR. SCHROEDER, moving to slide 5,  stated that HB 80 would create                                                               
a seamless process  by requiring DFCS to file  a civil commitment                                                               
upon the  dismissal of  charges.  He  added that  the legislation                                                               
would create a three-day window to  allow this to take place.  He                                                               
continued that [Sections 8, 9,  and 10] would give victims access                                                               
to  commitment  proceedings.    He shared  that  Ms.  Harris  has                                                               
requested  this  provision because  she  does  not know  if  [Mr.                                                               
Ahkivgak] is  currently "on the  street" or not.   In conclusion,                                                               
he stated  that HB  80 would protect  the public  and effectively                                                               
bring defendants  to competency  or commitment.   He  stated that                                                               
wait times for  defendants to receive treatment  would be reduced                                                               
as much  as possible,  with restoration  required only  for those                                                               
with  alarming  charges, as  individuals  should  not serve  time                                                               
longer than for the crime they committed.                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
5:13:18 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR PRAX questioned,  "Which is the group that's  going to file                                                               
all the lawsuits once this bill is passed?"                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
5:13:37 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  JOSEPHSON responded  that  the group  may be  the                                                               
Disability Law  Center.   He stated  that HB  80 would  direct [a                                                               
state  agency] to  commit "dangerous"  people, but  it would  not                                                               
delineate the  process like SB 53.   He suggested this  should be                                                               
left to the psychologist and  expressed the opinion that, because                                                               
of this, the  Disability Law Center would "like" HB  80 more than                                                               
SB 53.                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR PRAX commented that the  proposed legislation is difficult,                                                               
and the  civil rights side would  need to be considered  ahead of                                                               
time.                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE JOSEPHSON  commented that  the current  law allows                                                               
anyone to petition to have  another person civilly committed.  He                                                               
stated  that the  proposed legislation  would appoint  the person                                                               
who would  oversee the  process.  He  expressed the  opinion that                                                               
this is not a huge step from the current law.                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
5:15:23 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR PRAX announced that HB 80 was held over.                                                                                  

Document Name Date/Time Subjects
HB 80 Power Point Presentation.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 80
HB 80 Sectional Analysis.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 80
HB 80 Sponsor Statement.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 80
HB 80 Supporting Document- HHSS DFCS Budget Overview Presentation 2.16.2023.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 80
HB 80 Supporting Document- Leg Research Report on Victim Access 10.27.2022.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 80
HB 80 Supporting Document- SELL v. UNITED STATES 6.16.2003.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 80
HB 80 Power Point Presentation.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 80
HB 89 ADN Article 2.19.2023.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 89
HB 89 Legal Memo 2.23.2023.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 89
HB 89 Research Prenatal-to-3 Policy Clearinghouse 9.2023.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 89
HB 89 Research Prenatal-to-3 Policy Impact Center 2.28.2023.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 89
HB 89 Sectional Analysis.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 89
HB 89 Sponsor Statement version A.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 89
HB 89 version A.PDF HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 89
2023-3-13 HB 89 Coulombe Child Care Overview PPT.pptx HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 89
HB 89 - Fiscal Note 1 HSS.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 89
HB 89 Sponsor Statement version B.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 89
HB 89 Supporting Documents - thread Handout 1.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 89
HB 89 Supporting Documents - thread Handout 2.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 89
HB 80- DFCS Fiscal Note.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 80
HB 80- DOA Public Defender Agency Fiscal Note.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 80
HB 80- DOL Fiscal Note.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 80
HB 80- DOA Office of Public Advocacy Fiscal Note.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 80
HB 89 - Sectional Analysis v.2.pdf HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 89
2023-3-14 HB 89 Coulombe Child Care Overview PPT 2.pptx HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 89
Competency Presentation.pptx HHSS 3/14/2023 3:00:00 PM
HB 80